What are the 10 Knowledge Areas of Project Management?

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What are the 10 Knowledge Areas of Project Management?

The 10 Knowledge Areas of Project Management are:

#1 Project Integration Management

#2 Project Scope Management

#3 Project Schedule Management

#4 Project Cost Management

#5 Project Quality Management

#6 Project Resource Management

#7 Project Communications Management

#8 Project Risk Management

#9 Project Procurement Management

#10 Project Stakeholders Management

Project management is an application of skills, tools, knowledge and techniques to achieve specific project goals and meet specific success criteria within a constrained time.

Project Management is an integral factor which decides the success or failure of a project.

In mid of 20th century, project management began to emerge as a distinct profession and large no. of organizations started to follow a set of rules, standard terminologies and guidelines in the field of project management.

Project management rules are mainly governed by PMI’s A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide).

According to PMBOK, project management includes,

5 Phases of Project Management Life Cycle include:

• Initiating
• Planning
• Executing
• Monitoring and Controlling
• Closing

The 10 knowledge areas are:

1. Project Integration Management

2. Project Scope Management

3. Project Schedule Management

4. Project Cost Management

5. Project Quality Management

6. Project Resource Management

7. Project Communications Management

8. Project Risk Management

9. Project Procurement Management

10. Project Stakeholders Management

Project management includes 49 processes mapped in 5 phases and 10 knowledge areas:

1. Project Integration Management

The coordination between the resources, stakeholders, and other project elements which ensures to execute the project end to end successfully is Project Integration Management. It is very important because project success highly depends on integration management in terms of schedule, cost, quality, scope, risks, etc.

This knowledge area has a set of processes in each phase of project management. The processes involved in all phases of project management are:

• Develop the project charter
• Develop the project management plan
• Direct and manage project work
• Manage project knowledge
• Monitor and control project work
• Perform integrated change control
• Close the project (or project phase)

In the initiation stage, the project charter is developed. The project charter is a key element which describes the whole project in brief. The project charter generally includes the objective of the project, stakeholders, risks identified etc. After initiating the project, the project management plan is developed and executed by directing and managing project work and knowledge.

After executing the project, the project work is monitored and controlled with the integrated change required and close the project successfully.

2. Project Scope Management

Project scope management is to define what is included in the project and what is not included in the project. The scope of the project is the work that is involved and the factors to execute the project successfully. There are 6  project scope management processes in planning and controlling process group.

In the Planning process group:

• Planning scope management: Based on the project charter, the plan is created to define the scope.
• Collecting requirements: Based on the scope management plan and stakeholder’s consultancy, the requirement is collected.
• Defining scope: based on plan scope management, project charter and requirement, the scope is defined.
• Creating WBS: Creating a work breakdown structure to simplify the whole project into individual tasks.
• Validating scope: the outcome of individual tasks are reviewed and inspected.

In the monitoring and controlling process group:

• Controlling scope: after the execution of a project or task, the scope of work is monitored and controlled. The performance reports are prepared to check if the scope meets the requirements.

3. Project Schedule Management

Project schedule management involves the listing of the tasks, deliverables, duration, stakeholder assigned, start and end date of the tasks within the project.

Time management completely depends on the proper schedule management.

It involves 7 schedule management processes in the planning process group and controlling process group.

In the planning process group:

• Planning schedule management: Creating a schedule plan and determining who is responsible for the specified task.
• Defining project activities: Project activities are defined according to plan schedule management. List of activities are created similar o work breakdown structure.
• Sequencing activities: Based on project activities, a sequence of all the activities are created according to priority.
• Estimating resources and duration: Based on schedule plan and activities, human resources and durations are assigned.
• Developing the project schedule: Based on all the above processes, the project schedule is developed

In the monitoring and controlling process group:

• Controlling schedule: after the execution of a project or task, the duration is checked and controlled if it exceeds the allotted time.

4. Project Cost Management

Cost is the most critical factor in any organization. The process of estimating, allocating and controlling the cost of the whole project comes in project cost management. The budget is fixed according to the project activities. The costs are estimated during the planning phase and controlled if it exceeds during execution.

The 4 processes are involved in Project Cost Management:

• Planning cost management: Cost is planned based on the project activities, sequence of activities and duration allocated for each task.
• Estimating Costs: Based on the cost management plan, the cost is estimated for each task.
• Determining Budget: Based on estimated cost, the budget is prepared considering schedule management on a project basis.

In the monitoring and controlling process group:

• Controlling costs: During the execution phase of the project, the cost is monitored and if it exceeds or the risk identified that the cost might increase beyond the limit. it is controlled as the cost is the most critical factor in project management.

The cost flow is recorded and the overall report is prepared till the closing of the project.

5. Project Quality Management

The process of achieving assured quality with respect to scope, time and cost is project quality management. With proper quality management, an organization can achieve customer satisfaction and enhance further productivity. The process of quality management is in three phases of project management: Planning, execution, and monitoring and controlling.

In the planning phase:

• Planning Quality Management: Planning quality plays a vital role in the success of the projects. The methodology used, the resource assigned, the cost allowed and the time allocated are the major factors affecting quality. Quality planning is done considering all the factors.

In the execution phase:

• Managing quality: During the execution stage, quality assurance is given maximum importance and considered in all aspects

In monitoring and controlling phase:

• Controlling quality: quality is controlled by reassessment after execution if the customer or client is not satisfied.

6. Project Resource Management

The project resource management involves managing human resource, material, equipment, knowledge and time. Recourse plays a very important role during the execution of the project. There are 6 Project resource management processes in three phases of project management.

In the Planning phase:

• Planning resource management: Based on the project scope, planning of resources are done with cost input, quality and schedule management.
• Estimating activity resources: According to the availability of the resources and the project activities, the resource activity is estimated.

In the execution phase:

• Acquiring resources: Based on the deployment of skills to achieve specific goals, resources are acquired.
• Developing the team: The team is developed based on their knowledge, skill and ability to achieve the specified goal. Experience and hierarchy is considered while developing the team for the project.
• Managing team: The team, is managed according to plan management and the team developed. This ensures the specified goal is achieved on time.

In monitoring and controlling phase:

• Controlling resources: After the execution stage, the resources are controlled if the deliverables are not delivered on time.

7. Project Communications Management

The project communications management ensures that the right message is sent, received and understood by the right people. Communication is one of the most critical factors affecting the success of the project. According to PMI, most of the project failed due to communication. The three processes are involved in project communication management in planning, executing and monitoring phase.

• Planning communications management: The audience, objective, message and medium of communications are planned according to project activities and resources assigned.
• Managing communications: Once the communication plan is approved, the communications are managed by analysis of data received, distribution of data, storage of the reports and disposal of old messages.
• Monitoring communications: The communications are monitored by confirming the messages, confirming the messages are received by the correct stakeholders, confirming messages were understood.

Excellent communication skills is required to handle conflict management.

8. Project Risk Management

Project risk management involves identifying the risks, analyze the risk and control the risk. The risk management is done to reduce the impact of risk on project pace. The risk identified can be uncertain and have a huge impact on the resource, processes, technology, and schedule. The 7 processes of risk management lies in planning, executing and monitoring phase.

In the planning phase:

• Plan risk management: Based on a risk assessment matrix, the document is prepared including foreseen risks, estimated impacts of risk on the project
• Perform qualitative risk: Based on their probability of occurring and impact of risk, the risks are prioritized for further analysis.
• Perform quantitative risk: The effect of identified risk is numerically analyzed on all the project objectives.
• Plan risk responses: The actions are planned to reduce the risk by addressing the risk according to priority, cost, and time.

In the execution stage:

• Implement risk responses:  Based on risk responses plan, the actions are taken to mitigate the risk.

In the monitoring stage:

• Monitoring risks: Risks are monitored according to the impact of risk responses.

9. Project procurement management

The project procurement management involves obtaining goods, services and supplies. Procurement includes all the materials required to complete the project. 3 procurement management processes are involved in planning, executing and monitoring phase of project management.

In the planning phase:

• Planning Procurement Management: the process of documenting the material required, specifying the approach, identifying potential dealers, identifying good service required for the project within the allocated budget and assured quality.

In the execution phase:

• Conducting procurements: Based on plan procurement management,  procurements are done according to the requirement for deliverables of the project.

In monitoring and controlling phase:

• Controlling procurements: The procurements are checked for quality control and also checked if the procurement met all the requirement. 

10. Project stakeholder management

The project stakeholder management is the process of identifying suitable stakeholder for the project and meet the expectation of the selected stakeholder. The success or failure of the project depends on the key stakeholders.

Four project stakeholder processes are involved in initiating, planning, executing, and monitoring and controlling the phase of project management.

In the Initiating phase:

• Identifying key stakeholders: Based on performance, experience and skills, the key stakeholders are identified to manage the assigned part of the project.

In the planning phase:

• Planning stakeholder engagement: the roles and responsibilities of the key stakeholder are planned. The amount of engagement in each part of the work is assigned to stakeholders.

In the execution phase:

• Manage stakeholder engagement: the stakeholder engagement is managed and if any issue comes up, it is resolved through communication.

In the monitoring phase:

• Monitor stakeholder management: The process of monitoring stakeholder’s engagement, strategies and activities. This ensures the deliverables are accepted by the customers.

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