Essential 15 DevOps Interview Questions | iCert Global

DevOps is one of the hottest buzzwords in technology today, but it's not just a fad. It's when the operations and development teams collaborate to build a product quicker and more effectively. In the last few years, the need for DevOps engineers has increased significantly. Large corporations such as Google, Facebook, and Amazon frequently have numerous vacancies for DevOps engineers. But the employment scenario is harsh, and the questions posed in interviews for DevOps engineers are rather tough.

If you're preparing for a development and operations career in the world of IT, you're aware that it's a difficult industry to penetrate and will take a lot of preparation. The following are some of the most frequently used DevOps interview questions and answers that can prepare you for DevOps jobs in the market.

General DevOps Interview Questions

1. What do you know about DevOps?

Your response should be simple and straightforward. Begin by describing how DevOps is gaining prominence in the IT industry. Describe how it unites the development and operations teams to accelerate the release of software with less error. Describe how DevOps is a practice in which both teams collaborate from the design stage to the release of the final product.

2. How does DevOps differ from agile methodology?

DevOps is a culture where the operations and development teams work together. This assists in creating, testing, integrating, deploying, and monitoring software on an ongoing basis during the product's life.

3. What are some of the most used DevOps tools?

Some of the most widely used DevOps tools are:

•             Selenium

•             Puppet

•             Chef

•             Git

•             Jenkins

•             Ansible

•             Docker

4. What are the various stages in DevOps?

The various stages of the DevOps process are:

• Plan: Beforehand, you need to have a plan for what kind of application you wish to develop. You should know how the development process works.

• Code: The users' needs are used to develop the application.

• Build: During this step, you compile all the code developed in the initial steps to develop the application.

•Test: Testing is an extremely crucial part of ensuring that the application runs properly. If there are issues, it must be corrected.

•Integrate: This is where various pieces of code from various developers are integrated into one.

•Deploy: The code is deployed to a cloud environment so that it can be utilized. You also ensure that any new modifications won't ruin a busy website.

• Operate: The code is further developed if necessary, to make it better.

• Monitor: The app is examined to understand how well it's functioning. Alterations are incorporated if necessary in order to more effectively satisfy the needs of the users.

5. Name a few of the primary advantages of DevOps ?

The primary advantages of DevOps include:

Technical Benefits

• Continuous delivery of software

• Less complex problems to deal with

• Quicker identification and correction of faults

Business Benefits

• Delivery of new features more rapidly

• Stable operation environments

•Improved collaboration and communication between teams

6. How will you handle a project which has to implement DevOps?

To apply DevOps to a project, you can use the following typical steps:

Stage 1

Spend two to three weeks first evaluating the existing process and infrastructure. This is done to identify areas of improvement so that the team can have a clear plan for the DevOps process.

Stage 2

Then, develop a proof of concept (PoC). After it's approved, the team can begin the actual implementation and start adhering to the project plan.

Stage 3

Lastly, the project is now ready for DevOps. This involves the utilization of version control, integration, testing, deployment, delivery, and monitoring, with each step done carefully. By adhering to these steps, the project can effectively adopt DevOps.

7. What is the difference between continuous delivery and continuous deployment?

•Objective: Make sure that the software is always deployable.

•Process: Code changes are built and tested automatically, and then put into a staging or pre-production environment. But deployment to production is still a manual step that needs approval or a team decision.

•Main Feature: Emphasis is placed on ensuring that the code is always deployable, but deployment itself is a gated step that occurs only when the team decides.

• Use Case: Frequently utilized by organizations that desire to deploy at any moment but wish to maintain manual control of when those changes are released live.

• Goal: Automate the deployment of each change to production as soon as it has passed automated tests.

• Process: Same as continuous delivery, but in continuous deployment, once the code has passed automated tests, it gets automatically deployed to production by itself without human interaction.

•Primary Feature: There is no pre-deployment manual step. The code is pushed directly to the production environment after it has been validated by automated tests.

•Usage: Typically employed by teams who have a lot of faith in their automated tests and wish to push changes into production as soon as possible.

8. What does configuration management do in DevOps?

Configuration management assists in keeping many systems in check and modifying them at the same time. It ensures all the computer systems are configured in a similar manner, which assists in controlling the IT infrastructure. It also assists in monitoring and maintaining numerous servers while ensuring everything functions properly in the entire system.

9. In what way does continuous monitoring assist in ensuring the system operates smoothly?

Continuous monitoring is like having a surveillance camera for your entire computer system. It keeps a close eye on everything and lets you know if anything goes amiss, such as if the system is slow, if something has a bug, or if someone attempts to breach. This is how it keeps the system intact:

1. Watches Over Everything: Similarly, as a security camera can display to you whether something is amiss, ongoing monitoring monitors how effectively the system is functioning, so you can tell whether there's an issue.

2. Catches Issues Early: When something begins to go awry, such as a component slowing down or malfunctioning, monitoring will let you know immediately. This allows the issues to be addressed before they become major issues.

3. Enhances System Performance: Through observing how the system functions, it indicates where something could be optimized, such as if a computer is utilizing excessive memory or minimal memory. It enables you to make the system faster and more efficient.

4. Helps Determine What Went Wrong: When something fails, constant monitoring provides you with hints about what went wrong, such as reviewing all the logs and data. This allows you to repair the actual issue rather than making an educated guess.

10. What is the role of AWS in DevOps?

AWS has a significant role to play in DevOps by providing:

• Flexible services - Offers pre-configured services without requiring additional setup.

•Designed for scale - You can run one computer or thousands with AWS.

•Automation - AWS allows you to automate so you can focus on new ideas.

•Security - With IAM, you can decide who gets to do what.

•Big partner network - AWS is used by many other organizations that extend what AWS does.

11. Identify three crucial DevOps KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) ?

 Three crucial KPIs are:

•Failure recovery time - How long does it take to repair a break when something has gone wrong.

•Frequency of deployments - How frequent updates or alterations are applied.

•Failed deployment percentage - The ratio of updates which fail to do what is hoped.

12. What is "Infrastructure as Code" (IaC) in configuration management?

IaC refers to the use of code to regulate the setup and administration of systems, rather than manually doing it. This is to say:

•  Writing code to manage things like deployments and setups.

•  Managing servers using files that machines can understand, instead of working with physical equipment.

•Making sure that everything is set up the same way every time.

13. How is IaC applied to AWS?

Prior to IaC, individuals would write commands on files and test them prior to using them. However, with IaC on AWS, developers are able to write, test, and manage servers and services in a simpler manner using readable formats such as JSON or YAML. This makes it faster to modify and update the way things are configured.

14. Why is DevOps so crucial nowadays?

DevOps has gained more prominence because large corporations like Netflix and Facebook are employing it in order to accelerate the way they deploy apps and updates. For instance:

•DevOps enables Facebook to rapidly update and correct bugs in their apps without ruining the user experience for their 2 billion users.

•Netflix also has this same strategy, with completely automated systems to make everything go along smoothly for their 100 million subscribers.

DevOps enables companies to release faster, resolve issues quicker, and accomplish it all more effectively with fewer people.

15. Define the difference between a centralized and distributed version control system (VCS) ?

Centralized Version Control System (CVCS)

•There are all versions of files stored on a single central server.

•Developers do not possess a copy of all the project files in their individual computers.

•If the central server collapses, all the data from the project may be lost since everything is kept there.

Distributed Version Control System (DVCS)

•Each developer possesses a complete copy of the full project, including all versions of files, on his own system.

•Developers can still work even when the central server is unavailable since they have their own copies.

•The data is not lost in case the central server crashes, since every developer has a copy of the project

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Conclusion:

DevOps is an essential aspect of contemporary software development and IT operations that allows for quicker and more effective delivery of products while maintaining higher quality and less error. With companies like Google, Facebook, and Amazon expanding and innovating, the need for DevOps engineers is growing exponentially. Familiarity with DevOps principles, tools, and best practices is the key to a promising career in this field.

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