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Project quality is the degree of excellence of the deliverables to meet the customers’ requirements and satisfaction. The project outcome should fulfill the suitability for its intended purpose. The common characteristics of project quality are:

• Consistency: The evenness in the performance and services are delivered in the same way to all the beneficiaries.
• Suitability: The quality of being an appropriate choice to perform a task
• Completeness: The quality of finishing the specified task to meet the project scope. 
• Sustainability: The ability to be maintained at a certain level.
• Functionality: The purpose of the task or activity to be fulfilled
• Reliability: The measure of being trust-worthy
• Performance: The act of performing a task or project activity.
• Timeliness: The measure to finish the project task in the allotted time.

The quality of the project is defined in the following terms:

• Validation: The assurance to meet the satisfactory results.
• Verification: The compliance required to meet project requirements.
• Precision: The condition of being exact.
• Accuracy: The degree or measure of the closeness
• Tolerance: The range of the acceptable results

Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma are implemented in an organization to maintain the desired quality. Elimination of errors and continuous improvement is the main aim of implementing Lean Six Sigma. 

There are many quality management software in the market to maintain the quality of the organization. 

According to Transparency Market Research,

“Quality Management Software Market to Rise at a Stellar 13.20% CAGR, with Rising Demand for Maintaining Product Quality”.

What is Project Quality Management? 

Project Quality Management is a continuous process to prevent, avoid and fix the poor quality issue in order to meet or exceed customer satisfaction. The performance of an organization is measured, monitored and controlled through quality policies, standards,  guidelines, and procedures.

Project Quality Management is important due to the following reasons:

• Customer satisfaction
• Consistent performance 
• Higher efficiency 
• Enhance understanding between the internal processes
• Risk Reduction at an early stage
• References to secure other projects

Project Quality Management is one of the 10 knowledge areas of project management. 

What are the processes in Project Quality Management?

There are three processes involved in Project Quality Management in three phases: Planning, Execution, and Monitoring and Controlling. 

Plan Quality Management process 

In order to maintain the desired quality, inspecting the quality is not the only solution. Preventing poor quality issues through effective planning and foresight is a regular practice in the organization. Plan Quality Management is the process of identifying the quality requirements and quality standards relevant to the project output. The quality plan is developed in such a way that it does not affect project scope, time and cost.

The document of a set of quality standards is prepared for each project's activities. The methodology used, the resource assigned, the cost and the time allocated are the major factors affecting quality.

There are several tools used to plan the quality process. There  are some tools used for both planning and controlling quality:

• Cause and Effect diagram – helps to find the various factors related to the potential problems.
• Flowchart –  Displays the logical steps in the project and various elements related to the system. Used to analyze the potential problems.
• Pareto Diagram – Used to identify the frequent small problems causing the big problem.  The graph is used to define the percentage of defects against the number of causes.
• Histogram – Used to identify common problems. 
• Control chart – Determines whether the cost and schedule are within statistical control
• Scatter diagram – tracks two variables and determines their relationship.

Manage Quality process

Manage Quality is the process of managing all the project activities according to the Quality Management plan while executing. To manage the quality, the following inputs are required

1. Project Management Plan
2. Project Documents like Lessons Learned, Quality Metrics
3. Organizational Process Assets 

The tools and techniques used to manage the quality are:

• Data Gathering - Checklists
• Data Analysis- Process Analysis, Root Cause Analysis
• Decision Making- Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
• Data Representation-  Histogram, graphs, and flowcharts
• Audits- Determining if the project activities comply with organizational policies, procedures, and processes.
• Design for X- Set of technical guidelines 
• Problem-Solving- Solved through set of solutions
• Quality Improvement Methods- Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle or Six Sigma

The output of managing the quality process is:

• Quality reports 
• Test and evaluation documents
• Change Requests
• Project Management Plan Updates
• Project Document Updates

The main objective of managing the quality process is to integrate all the quality policies in the project activities to maintain the Quality Plan Management. 

Control Quality Process

The Control Quality Process is the process of inspecting and verifying the executed project activities according to quality management. The main objective of this process is to ensure the project output is correct, complete and meet the expectations of the customer and the quality plan. This process also includes the documentation of results obtained during the control quality process.

To manage the quality, the following inputs are required

1. Project Management Plan
2. Project Documents like Lessons Learned, Quality Metrics
3. Approved change requests
4. Deliverables
5. Work Performance data
6. Enterprise Environmental Factors
7. Organizational Process Assets 

The outputs of the Perform Quality Control process are:

• Measurements
• Validated changes
• Updates to the project management plan and project documents
• Change requests
• Lessons learned
• Validated deliverables

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