DBMS Basics Learn How Databases Work | iCert Global

As you may already know, a Database Management System (DBMS) is a program that helps store and handle data. This tutorial will help you learn the basic and advanced concepts of DBMS in a simple-to-read format.

What is a database?

A database is where data is kept in an organized way so that it can be easily accessed, managed, and changed. Think of a database like a library. Just as there are books that are shelved together by type in a library, there's data that is kept so that it can be easily accessed.

Evolution of Databases

Databases have come a long way from the 1960s. Relational Databases were popular in the 1980s. Object-Oriented Databases were created in the 1990s. NoSQL Databases followed to manage the boom of the internet and the need for faster data processing. Now Cloud Databases and Self-Driving Databases are transforming data storage and usage.

Properties of a Database

Some key elements of a database are:

• It uses a computer system on a server to store and manage data.

• It must contain all types of data from the real world.

• It can provide a clear understanding of how the data is applied.

Applications of a Database

Database programs are computer programs that assist in managing and sharing data. Small companies utilize plain databases for customer contact lists and so on, while big companies utilize sophisticated databases for complex operations.

1. Accounting Applications: Accounting databases assist in handling accounting data. They can monitor items such as assets, inventory, and transactions.

2. Web Applications: The majority of websites utilize databases to keep data, such as user data. For example, Facebook utilizes a MySQL database to keep user data.

3. CRM Applications: CRM applications are databases which enable companies to manage their customers and establish relationships.

Advantages of Databases

• Less data duplication.

• Fewer errors and more accurate information.

• Improved data security.

• Accessing data is easier.

• Lower costs of storage and retrieval.

Limitations of Databases

• Difficult: Databases are not easy to install and maintain.

• Expensive: They take a lot of money to set up and sustain.

• Security: Information should be rendered secure, particularly sensitive information.

• Compatibility: Occasionally a database might not be precisely perfect for a firm's requirements.

Functions of DBMS

A Database Management System (DBMS) assists in database management by offering basic utilities such as performance monitoring, backup, and data recovery.

DBMS allows users to perform the following:

• Define Data: The users can define, alter, and drop the rules that govern the database.

• Update Data: The users can add, edit, or remove data from the database.

• Get Data: Users are able to get their required data from the database.

• Manage Users: DBMS manages who can use the database, tracks what they do, keeps data safe, keeps data up to date, checks performance, and handles multiple users working at the same time.

Characteristics of DBMS

• Less Duplication of Data: Everyone uses the same database, so inadvertently data is duplicated. A DBMS reduces this by enabling people to share data files, keeping the amount of duplicate data low.

• Occupies Minimal Storage Space: A DBMS holds an enormous amount of knowledge but does so in a format that takes up minimal storage space.

• Cost-Effective: Storing data can be expensive. DBMS is cost-effective as it stores and handles data better.

• Security: DBMS safeguards all the data files. In case data is lost, there is the possibility to back it up and restore it. This renders DBMS an extremely secure database to store crucial data.

Single-tier Architecture

In single-tier architecture, the user directly accesses the database. That is, the user can directly work on the DBMS (Database Management System) and alter the database. Any alteration will immediately affect the database. But this configuration does not offer end-users simple tools.

1-Tier architecture

is applied when server, client, and database reside in the same machine. For instance, if you install a database in your own computer and query it with SQL queries, you're implementing 1-tier architecture. Such a configuration is not usually implemented in big, real-world projects.

2-Tier Architecture

2-tier architecture is similar to a plain client-server structure. In this system, the client side program can easily interface with the server side database. When the client-side program is needed to interact with the DBMS, the client side program first makes contact with the server.

3-Tier Architecture

There is an additional layer between the client and the server in 3-tier architecture. That is, the server does not communicate directly with the client. The end-user does not know the application server, and the database doesn't know about users except for the application.

DBMS Types

There are numerous kinds of DBMS:

• Hierarchical DBMS: It uses a tree structure in which records are associated as parent and child. Different fields are represented by the branches of the tree, and the nodes are represented by records.

• Relational Database (RDBMS)

A Relational Database (RDBMS) maintains a configuration that enables users to locate and connect data based on relationships between various pieces of data. It is similar to a collection of tables where data in each table corresponds with data in other tables.

• Network

A Network database allows several records (or units of information) to be linked, which establishes multiple connections among them. It's like having a net where different points are linked to.

• Object-Oriented

An Object-Oriented database employs small building blocks known as objects. Each object consists of a chunk of data and some instructions regarding how to handle the data. It's like a little package with both the information and the guidelines you operate it through.

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Conclusion

Understanding database management systems (DBMS) and various data models facilitates organizing, managing, and accessing data in the optimal way. All the levels, ranging from understanding data relationships to enhancing physical structures or specifying logical models, play a crucial part in constructing solid and effective database systems. If you wish to learn more and become an expert in DBMS, iCert Global provides comprehensive courses so you can acquire the necessary skills to become successful in data management.

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